Feline Asthma and Bronchitis
What are asthma and bronchitis?
Asthma and bronchitis are two diseases affecting cats that can make it difficult for them to breathe. Both diseases are reported commonly in Siamese and Himalayans; however, they can affect any cat at any age. Asthma is a condition where there is narrowing of the airways in the lungs. The narrowing may cause wheezing or labored breathing. Bronchitis is an inflammation of the larger airways. A cat suffering from bronchitis often coughs due to the irritation of the airways.
What causes feline asthma or bronchitis?
It is often impossible to identify the underlying cause of feline asthma or bronchitis. Irritants such as dust, cigarette or cigar smoke, and air pollution can make a cat more susceptible to developing either disease. Many potential causes of bronchitis can irritate the lining of the airways or stimulate specific receptors, resulting in the characteristic cough.
What are the signs of feline asthma or bronchitis?
Some clinical signs commonly associated with asthma and bronchitis include wheezing, inactivity, and coughing. In less severe cases, cats with asthma or bronchitis may appear normal when they are at rest. Cats with severe airway constriction may be in acute respiratory distress, characterized by a profound increase in respiratory rate or breathing effort, and other signs related to the inability to acquire oxygen. Open mouth breathing and gasping sounds can occur in more advanced cases. The tongue and gums may appear to be blue or gray.
How are feline asthma or bronchitis diagnosed?
Imaging techniques (X-rays and ultrasound) may detect abnormalities of the lungs or airways that are suggestive of asthma or bronchitis. The presence of asthma or bronchitis may be confirmed by microscopic analysis of fluid collected from specific locations within the airways of the lungs. A complete blood count (CBC), urinalysis, and parasite examinations will assess your pet's overall health status, and may aid in determining the underlying cause of the respiratory problem. Note that in severe cases, any stress may worsen the pet's status. Sometimes even minimal handling can result in decompensation, possibly resulting in death.
How are feline asthma or bronchitis treated?
The treatment of feline asthma or bronchitis will vary, depending upon identification of the underlying cause. Treatment options may include the use of steroids, bronchodilators (drugs that enlarge the airways and prevent airway constriction), and supplemental oxygen therapy. Successful management of both diseases may require changes in the cat's environment to decrease stress and eliminate potential risk factors like smoke and dust. Often, obese cats are able to breathe more easily following weight reduction. Recheck examinations should be scheduled at regular intervals to monitor response to treatment or to identify signs of a worsening condition. In some cases of bronchitis, the frequency of the cough may be reduced but not eliminated. Owners should contact their veterinarian immediately if the cat shows any signs of worsening of the wheezing or acute respiratory distress. Prompt emergency treatment will be required in these cases.
What is the prognosis for cats with feline asthma or bronchitis?
The prognosis (outcome) for cats with asthma or bronchitis
is guarded; episodes of severe airway constriction can be life
threatening. Asthma and bronchitis are progressive diseases that
rarely are cured completely. However, most cats do well with long-term
medical management and appropriate environmental changes.