Male Infertility in Dogs
What is infertility in male dogs?
Generally, infertility in male dogs refers to diminished or absent fertility. It does not imply sterility.
What causes infertility in male dogs?
The causes of infertility in male dogs are divided into two main groups, congenital infertility and acquired infertility. Congenital infertility is caused by genetic (chromosomal) abnormalities; it is present at birth. Affected dogs cannot produce sperm. Acquired infertility develops during the dog's lifetime. It has several causes:
Incomplete ejaculation, usually occurs because the male dog (stud) is uncomfortable in the breeding situation, such as :
Obstruction of the reproductive tract, caused by
Hormonal abnormalities
Drugs and toxins
Miscellaneous
How is infertility diagnosed in male dogs?
Infertility in male dogs is diagnosed by a good medical history, including breeding management, and a physical examination. To determine infertility, the veterinarian may perform a hormonal (endocrine) profile, which measures several hormones that can help identify the cause of the infertility. One of the hormones is testosterone, the male hormone. Ultrasound (visualization of deep body tissues by recording ultrasonic waves) helps identify abnormalities of the male reproductive tract and permits evaluation of the prostate gland.
A breeding soundness examination will be performed. A sperm sample is collected and evaluated for volume, number or concentration of sperm, motility of the sperm, and other characteristics of sperm cells. Microscopic examination and bacterial culture of sperm and urine also are performed. Other tests may be performed, based on the veterinarian's assessment of the cause of infertility. Testicular biopsy (removal and examination of a tissue specimen) may be necessary to obtain a definitive diagnosis.
How is infertility treated in male dogs?
The treatment for infertility in male dogs varies, depending on the underlying cause. No treatment is available for congenital infertility. The veterinarian will discuss breeding management. Most perceived infertility is actually incorrect timing of breeding or poor breeding conditions. If improper breeding techniques are not the problem, the veterinarian will treat the underlying cause of the infertility. Supportive treatment includes reducing heat or other stress and ensuring that diet and mineral supplementation are adequate. Antibiotics are administered to treat infection. Usually, a minimum of 3 to 4 weeks of treatment is recommended to allow adequate and sustained concentrations of antibiotics within the reproductive tract. Other treatment will depend on the identified cause of the infertility. The testicles will require time to return to function, at least 60 days. The pet guardian should know that patience is important while the cause and treatment of infertility are pursued.
What is the prognosis for infertility in male dogs?
The prognosis (outcome) for infertility in male dogs depends
on the underlying cause. Since most perceived infertility in male
dogs is actually incorrect timing of breeding, the initial prognosis
is good. However, if breeding management has been ruled out as
the cause, the prognosis is determined by the cause of infertility.
Dogs with congenital infertility will never produce sperm. Many
causes of acquired infertility can be corrected.
The majority of the information
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